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Northrop Grumman, 16 Charles II Street a while ago
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Northrop Grumman was formed in 1994 when Northrop Aircraft Co., which made B-2 stealth bombers, bought Grumman Corp. in a $2.5bn deal. Since then, the company has acquired 17 companies including Litton Industries and Newport News in 2001. In December 2002, Northrop Grumman acquired TRW, the military and automotive group, for $6.7bn. Northrop sold TRW's automotive business for $4.73bn and retained the space and advanced technologies businesses. Northrop Grumman has more than 300 locations worldwide and claims to employ people in 25 countries and all 50 US states.2

What it makes

Northrop Grumman professes to be the world's largest shipbuilder.3 It is also one of the three dominant contractors in military space and supplies nearly 60% of the US military's airborne radar systems. 4

Warships: Northrop owns Newport News, the US's sole builder and refueler of nuclear-powered aircraft carriers and one of only two companies, along with General Dynamics' Electric Boat, capable of designing and building nuclear-powered submarines. It has a contract to build four Aegis guided-missile destroyers, a contract to design the US Navy's DD (X) destroyer, and develops and produces missile launching and handling equipment for submarine and land-based weapons systems.

Fire control radar: Northrop Grumman makes fire control radar for fighter air-craft including Lockheed Martin's F-16 as well as BAE Systems' Hawk 200 jet. In 2002, it was awarded a $487m contract to provide engineering services and technical support to the F-16's fire-control system over a 23-year period. This covers not only the USAF, but also the F-16s of 16 other air forces. It is providing the radar for the JSF, under a joint venture with Lockheed Martin, and, also with Lockheed, has developed and produced Longbow multi-mode radar and the AGM-114L Hellfire missile for the Apache attack helicopter. 5

B-2 stealth bomber: Northrop is the prime contractor for the B-2 Spirit high-altitude multi-role intercontinental stealth bomber. Each B-2 is reported to have cost $1.3bn. 6 There are 21 operational B-2s, each of which can carry 18,000kg of nuclear or conventional munitions. They were deployed in Yugoslavia, Afghanistan and Iraq.

Nuclear missiles and Ballistic Missile Defense: Northrop Grumman provides navigation systems for tactical missiles and nuclear-armed inter-continental ballistic missiles (ICBMs). In 1997, it was awarded a 15-year contract to be the ICBM Prime Integration Contractor. The company has involvement in a number of Ballistic Missile Defense projects, particularly since its acquisition of TRW.

Vinnell

The Virginia-based Vinnell Corp, a subsidiary of Northrop Grumman, 'is a recognised leader in facilities operation and maintenance, military training, educational and vocational training and logistics support in the [US] and overseas'. 7 The company reports that 'Vinnell has successfully completed projects on [five] continents in over 50 countries for a variety of government and commercial customers'. It is, in other words, a private military company - the officially sanctioned and sanitised face of mercenary operations.

Protecting the House of Saud: In 1975, Vinnell received a $77m contract to train the Saudi National Guard, or SANG. This is a force of around 55,000 men that Jane's Defence Weekly has described as 'a kind of Praetorian Guard for the House of Saud, the royal family's defence of last resort against internal opposition.' 8One report has alleged that 'there is also circumstantial evidence to suggest that at times Vinnell employees in Riyadh want beyond training people to pull the triggers.'9In 1998 Vinnell received a follow-on $831m five-year contract for SANG training.

In November 1995, the SANG headquarters and an adjacent building complex housing Vinnell employees was bombed. This event killed five Americans and wounded 30 more, all Vinnell staff. In mid May 2003, in a series of bombings in Riyadh, at least nine employees of Vinnell were killed.

A new Iraqi army: In late June 2003, Vinnell won a $48m contract to train the nucleus of a new Iraqi Army. Vinnell and its subcontractors began working at various locations on July 1st under this one-year contract. 10
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